Demographic and Geo-Agriculture Profile of Saharanpur District

Saharanpur district lies between 29°34’45” N to 30°21’30”N latitudinal extent and 77°9’ E to 78°14’45” E longitudinal extent..Saharanpur forms the most northerly position of the Doab land which stretches between the holy rivers of the Ganges and the Yamuna. The Shivalik hills rise above it on the northern frontier. Saharanpur district attained the status as Saharanpur division in 1997 of Uttar Pradesh. As regards its physical features, the north and the north east of the district is surrounded by Shivalik hills and separates it from Dehradun district in the recently created state of Uttaranchal. The river Yamuna forms its boundary in the west, which separates it from Karnal and Yamunanagar districts of Haryana. In the East lies the district of Haridwar, which was the part of district Saharanpur before 1989 and in the South lays the district Muzaffar Nagar. At the time of British rule district Muzaffar Nagar was also a part of district Saharanpur

Temporal Change of Cropping Pattern in Western Uttar Pradesh

The agriculture sectors continue to predominate and contribute a large share of the western Uttar Pradesh output. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood to majority of the population of western Uttar Pradesh. More than 70 percent of population western Uttar Pradesh directly or indirectly is depended on agriculture and allied sectors. The aim of this study is to examine the cropping pattern in western Uttar Pradesh in Uttar Pradesh state. This paper also estimated the changing cropping pattern at the district level between 2000-01 to 2013-14. The data has been derived from the district statistical handbooks. The findings demonstrate that there is increase in the cropped area of wheat and rice crop, whereas maize and barley shows a decline in the cropped area

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Old Age Group Population in India

old age group includes population above 60 years of age. This age group is an economic burden upon the adult age group as it is to be provided with food, clothing and sufficient health care. Social science research on old age group population has been gaining much momentum since 1970's. The rapid growth of elderly population raises two main areas of concern for government policy makers firstly how to ensure adequate health care and secondly how to build adequate economic and social support for elderly population. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the trend of young age group population at state level from 1881-2001. It reveals that according to 1881 census the proportion of the old age population (60 years and above) was (7.43 per cent) as a country as a whole. However the trend show that the proportion of old age population has continuously increased from 5.27 per cent in 1881 to 7.43 per cent in 2001 to the total population, except during the census 1891, 1901, 1931 and 1951 when the country experienced a slight decline in the percentage of old age population

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Adult Age Group Population in India

The adult age group population holds a prime place in governing the demographic and socio­economic conditions of any country. It is the adult age group population with which all other characteristics of population are intimately related and from which they derive their significance. The adult age group includes people in the age group of 15-59 years. The proportion of adult age group population depends upon a variety of demographic and economic factors. Demographically, the birth rate, longevity of life and the migration behaviour are important. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the trend of adult age group population at state level from 1881-2001. It reveals that the proportion of adult age group population in the country increased from 56.34 per cent in 1881 census to 56.90 percent in 2001 census. However the trend shows that the proportion of adult age group population has not uniform from 1881 census to 2001 census

An iodine-potassium t-butoxide catalysed conversion of thioamides and thioureas to their oxygen analogs

The title conversion, significant for its role in procuring modified nucleic acids has been reported with bis(p-methoxyphenyl) telluroxide, trimethyloxoniujn fluoborate, DMSO/acids and DMSO/iodine. During the course of investigation of the reactions of heterocycles possessing thiourea and thioamide functionals, with iodocarbene generated from iodoform and potassium t-butoxide, we noticed the conversions of these substrates to their oxygen analogs. Here, we report that the title conversion can be performed in a synthetically useful manner, under basic conditions, with the help of iodine/potassium t-butoxide in t-butanol solution

A conventent synthesis of functonalised heterocuclic enamines from alpha-thioiminium salts and active methylene compounds under solid-liquid PTC conditions

Functionalised enanines constitute a category of synthetic intermediates useful in carbon, carbon bond formation reactions and have been procured through a variety of condensaticn and extrusion reactions. In one approach active methylene compounds have been condensed with lactin thioethers in the presence of a base at relatively higher temperature. In view of our interest in the synthesis of function alised enamines through sulphur extrusion reactions, we have studied the title reaction under non-hydrolytic solid-liquid PTC using solid KF(base)/TEBA(catalyst). A recent report on the sulphur extrusion of α-thio-iminium salts and their reactions with active methylene compounds prompts us to report our results

A prospective observational study to assess compliance and factors influencing compliance with antiepileptic drugs among patients with epilepsy

Background: The primary treatment for epilepsy is Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Non-compliance to AEDs can result in break-through seizure, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, fractures, head injuries and increased mortality. Thus, compliance to AEDs is crucial to be studied. Objective is to study compliance and factors influencing compliance with AEDs among patients with epilepsy.Methods: This observational study was conducted in 105 patients with epilepsy on AED therapy in community in Ludhiana (Punjab) after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Demographic data and drug history was collected. Monthly follow up for 6 months was done by paying home visits and data regarding type, dose, frequency of administration of AED was recorded on a semi-structured performa. Pill count was done by recording number of pills dispensed and number of pills remaining with patient. Response to Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was also recorded. Results were correlated with patient demographics, type, frequency and number of AEDs.Results: Out of 105 patients, 65 were males and 40 were females. Fifty-four patients were non-compliant with both pill-count and MMAS. Non-compliance was high in first month and decreased gradually. Poly-therapy, lower socio-economic status and multiple dosing regimens were most commonly associated with non-compliance.Conclusions: Under-dosing was more common among non-compliers, which explains the high reporting of forgetfulness to take medicine in MMAS. Both pill count and MMAS are effective non-invasive tools to study compliance

Birmingham Community Safety Partnership: Sharing Good Practice – Final Report

Many projects have been implemented across Birmingham, and elsewhere, focusing on crime reduction, community safety and neighbourhood renewal. The managers and staff working on these projects build up a great deal of knowledge about project management, solving problems, building relationships with partner agencies, and through this, develop an understanding about what has worked well and why, and what they would do differently next time. This constitutes good practice, which can be defined as ‘using practical lessons from projects and approaches to problems that have been developed and implemented successfully, and shown through evaluation to have been effective in achieving the desired outcomes.’ These good practice lessons need to be captured through robust evaluation, setting the context within which a project was conducted, how the available resources were used and the outcomes achieved. Evidence is needed to demonstrate why the methods used are good practice and how they can be adopted into future practice. It is also important that these good practice lessons can be presented in such a way to ensure that others can access this information and use it to inform their own work

Exploring native speaker and non-native speaker accents: The English as a Lingua Franca perspective

The relevance of the ideology of the native–speaker (NS) as a model and target in English language teaching (ELT) has over the recent years been increasingly questioned with the emergence of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF).Accents that do not conform to NS standards are termed as ‘foreign’ and are usually considered to be something to get rid of by training.This study examines how non-native speakers (NNS) of English view NNS accents in relation to NS accents.The findings show that the respondents consistently ranked NS accents higher than NNS in terms of correctness, acceptability, pleasantness and familiarity